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The entire azalea plant is toxic to your cat if they chew it. Cats may have gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, or central nervous system issues if they ingest azalea. Effects include excessive drooling, vomiting, diarrhea, weakness, difficulty walking, and loss of appetite.

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All parts of the lily can be toxic. Even the water the lilies sat in may contain toxins to cats. Day lilies are extremely toxic to cats. Even small amounts can cause severe reactions. Some lilies may not be as toxic. However, it is best to avoid all lilies to be safe. Effects of digesting any part of the lily plant include drooling, lethargy, vomiting, kidney failure, or even death.

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The hydrangea’s buds and leaves are toxic to cats. If your cat has sensitive skin, the plant can also cause skin irritation if the plant comes in contact with your cat. Ingestion of hydrangea may cause your cat to have diarrhea, vomiting, or oxygen deprivation.

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Ivy should be avoided if you have a cat. It is toxic to your cat if ingested. Side effects include diarrhea, vomiting, excessive salivation, and abdominal pain. Some types of ivy may cause irritation in the mouth.

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Every part of the sago palm is toxic to cats, even the seeds. Sago palms are mostly found in warmer climates. Effects from ingesting any part of the sago palm include vomiting, diarrhea, decreased appetite, liver failure, and even death.

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Tomato plants can be toxic for your cat. The green leaves and stems are toxic if your cat ingests them. Your cat should also avoid consuming raw tomatoes. Side effects from consuming tomato plants include diarrhea, vomiting, lethargy, slow heart rate, and even seizures.

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If your cat does consume a toxic plant, contact your veterinarian immediately.

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Houseplants to Avoid If You Have a Cat

Dr. Stephen Sutherland

We asked Dr. Stephen Sutherland, Anivive’s Chief Regulatory Affairs Officer, why it is that there are so few drugs approved specifically for veterinary use.

Easily put, the economic incentive isn’t there like it is for human drugs. The process to develop and approve a drug is extensive for both humans and animals, and it takes just as long to get approval on a drug for small market use as it does for larger market use. On average, it takes 7-10 years to develop and approve a new animal drug and up to $100 million. A lot of companies do not think it’s worth the time to develop a new drug for animals who have a shorter life span than humans.

The process to develop any drug, human or animal, is long and rigorous. There are many steps to get <a data-sys-entry-uid="blt8424a9278a2a77c3" data-sys-entry-locale="en-us" data-sys-content-type-uid="blog_entry" sys-style-type="link" class="embedded-entry" type="entry" href="/learn/article/from-test-tube-to-prescription-what-does-it-take-to-get-a-drug-approved">from test tube to prescription</a>, including safety and efficacy trials and the extensive FDA regulatory review process. Additionally, there are challenges in running field studies that must strictly adhere to complex study designs. Gathering enough diseased participants that fit the required entrance criteria and monitoring these animals over long periods is labor intensive and costly.&nbsp;

The regulatory requirements for animal and human drugs are very similar. Both require FDA approval and submission of extensive efficacy, safety, and manufacturing data. The journey to approval involves many different trials and stages. Animal drug approval requires a double-blind effectiveness study, just as human drug approval does. The main difference is the number of participants required—thousands of human participants are typically needed for human drug approval, compared with hundreds needed for animal drug approval.

The lack of drugs specifically approved for animal use most directly impacts veterinarians who rely on their education and medical experience to identify and prescribe appropriate therapeutic drugs for an extremely diverse array of disease conditions. The lack of FDA approved animal drugs to treat these conditions forces veterinarians to utilize drugs that are only approved for humans. This is especially true for animals that have rare conditions as drug development costs cannot be recovered due to the limited demand for the drugs.

Anivive is using technology to decrease development costs. At the beginning of the development process, we use AniviveSELECT, a giant database of drug data that uses machine learning to do gene homology research, including analyzing human drugs to identify compounds that could be effective in animals. We’re also trying to speed up the clinical trial process for animal drugs using a software platform, AniviveTRIAL, designed to make it easier for veterinarians and pet owners to find and participate in clinical trials.

no approved treatment for eighty five-percent of pet diseases

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Why are There So Few Drugs Approved Specifically for Veterinary Use?

With cancer treatment, your dog may experience a decrease in energy. Finding new ways to play with your dog will help both of you. Play and laughter are good for everyone and it will improve your dog’s quality of life.

Join them in their favorite games. Engagement with you will interest your dog, helping them to get moving again. Consider incorporating this when trying any of the methods below. They will enjoy your companionship and seeing you celebrate with them when they succeed.

It is okay to tug a rope with your dog. You may need to be gentler, but there are ways to modify the game to ensure safe play. When they are laying down, place the toy or rope in front of them and pull away or move it around in different directions. You can repeat this action with words of encouragement, moving the toy closer and farther until your dog engages. Take your cues from your dog and keep it gentle. This may just be enough to get your dog mobile again.

Turns out kids and dogs like hide and seek. Many dogs like the reward of finding a treat after having to search for it. Try to lure your dog with treats around the house and then hide the treats in a different room so they must find them. This could not only get them moving physically, but get the gears turning in their brains, too. For extra fun, go with them to offer support and praise when they find the treat. Being with them on the journey will be rewarding for both of you as you see them moving and they see your excitement when they succeed.

Learning new tricks is always enriching for dogs and of course they enjoy the reward when they succeed. You can engage them with a familiar “sit” or “paw” to get their attention. Introducing a new trick will stimulate your dog’s brain and encourage activity. You and your dog will find joy in the satisfaction of learning a new trick and keeping each other on your toes!

Try to change up mealtime with a puzzle feeder. These feeders make dogs work to get their food, challenging their brains and bodies to move. Veterinarians recommend puzzle feeders to satisfy their natural instinct to hunt and slow down the consumption of food. Slowing down their eating may help prevent your dog from getting sick when their <a data-sys-entry-uid="blt62fa6fae1a6d8e8a" data-sys-entry-locale="en-us" data-sys-content-type-uid="blog_entry" sys-style-type="link" class="embedded-entry" type="entry" href="/learn/article/helping-your-dog-when-they-have-cancer-and-have-lost-their-appetite">diet changes</a>. It may be difficult for your dog to figure out at first, so be patient and stay with them while they learn. Including a special treat will encourage your dog even more, especially if the scent is appealing.

Incorporate your dog into family movie night or game night. Allow them to snuggle up on the couch with everyone and get lots of affection. You can even take turns with tugging games or fetch during the movie or game. This keeps your dog connected with everyone, and it is especially important for them to feel that comfort now.

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If you go on a hike or go to the park, bring your dog along, but be prepared. Bring plenty of water to keep your dog hydrated and be aware of their limits. You don’t have to go far for a new experience–check out what is going on around your town and remember that your dog might be excited to just get out of the house again. Fresh air is always good for everyone. New places and activities for you and your dog will bring joy and shared experiences strengthen the bond between you.

silhouette dog with stick on grass at sunset

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When Treatment Starts, Play Doesn’t Have to Stop

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David Bruyette, DVM

Diabetes mellitus is a common disease in dogs and cats occurring in about 1:30 to 1:40 <a data-sys-entry-uid="blt59f3dfce38021e88" data-sys-entry-locale="en-us" data-sys-content-type-uid="blog_entry" sys-style-type="link" class="embedded-entry" type="entry" href="/learn/article/diabetes-in-pets">pets</a>. The most common form of <a data-sys-entry-uid="blt25a5d9008621bc58" data-sys-entry-locale="en-us" data-sys-content-type-uid="blog_entry" sys-style-type="link" class="embedded-entry" type="entry" href="/learn/article/canine-diabetes">diabetes in dogs</a> resembles type 1 diabetes in humans, sometimes referred to as insulin dependent. Studies suggest that genetics, an immune-mediated component, and environmental factors are involved in the development of diabetes in dogs. A variant of gestational diabetes also occurs in dogs. 
 
The most common form of <a data-sys-entry-uid="blt69ef131913f47d77" data-sys-entry-locale="en-us" data-sys-content-type-uid="blog_entry" sys-style-type="link" class="embedded-entry" type="entry" href="/learn/article/feline-diabetes">diabetes in cats</a> resembles type 2 diabetes in humans, which is non-insulin dependent. A major risk factor in cats is obesity. Obese cats have altered expression of several insulin signaling genes and glucose transporters and are leptin resistant. Cats also form amyloid deposits within the islets of the pancreas and develop glucotoxicity when exposed to prolonged hyperglycemia.

Diabetes is similar across species as the end result of the disease. Too little insulin and too much glucose is common to all patients. What is different is the approach to controlling blood sugar levels which is much more demanding/aggressive in man than in animals.

One of the common misconceptions is that pets with diabetes will exhibit all the complications of diabetes known to occur in man: Loss of vision from diabetic retinopathy, kidney failure from diabetic nephropathy, stroke and heart attack from large vessel disease, and the risk of amputation from small vessel disease, weakness and pain from diabetic neuropathy. 
None of these occur in pets, not because diabetes behaves differently, but because these complications occur over decades in man. While vision loss or impairment can occur in dogs as a result of diabetes induced cataracts, which are very rare in cats, they can be successfully treated with surgery. 
 
In order to prevent these complications in man, very tight control of blood glucose is required resulting in patients having to take insulin and oral diabetes medications multiple times a day along with multiple daily measurements of their blood glucose. 
However, in pets, our goals are much easier to attain. Our goals are to lower the blood glucose sufficiently to prevent or lessen the common clinical signs of diabetes, which are excessive drinking and urination, slow or delay the progression of cataracts, preserve ideal body weight as both obesity and being too thin can complicate management, and prevent hypoglycemic reactions.

Generally, advances can occur more quickly in the veterinary space given the large number of patients affected and the shorter life spans of dogs and cats. This makes them ideal candidates to evaluate therapies as they move from small animal models, including rats and mice, to large animal models, including dogs, cats and primates, into man. The cost associated with this translational approach are also much less in the veterinary space.

Diabetes across species shares the commonality of not enough insulin and too much glucose. Because of the differing lifespan and genetic makeup of each species, humans, cats, and dogs, each have differing health complications and treatments for diabetes. Advances in the veterinary space regarding diabetes research may be beneficial to those in the human medicine field.

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Diabetes in Humans and Animals

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100+ articles full of facts and helpful advice developed with our team

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AniviveCARES

Articles and Papers developed with our team of veterinarians and advisors

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